Could ADHD Meds Help Treat Alzheimer’s?

Could ADHD drugs also treat degenerative brain disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease?

British researchers say there is good evidence that some medications used for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) — known as noradrenergic drugs — might also help treat key aspects of Alzheimer’s.

“Repurposing of established noradrenergic drugs is most likely to offer effective treatment in Alzheimer’s disease for general cognition [thinking skills] and apathy,” the study authors reported. “There is a strong rationale for further, targeted clinical trials of noradrenergic treatments in Alzheimer’s disease.”

Led by Dr. Michael David of the UK Dementia Research Institute in London, the study team reviewed results of 19 clinical trials conducted from 1980 to 2021. The trials included more than 1,800 patients with Alzheimer’s disease or mild mental impairment.

In the trials, noradrenergic drugs — including atomoxetine (Strattera), methylphenidate (Ritalin/Concerta) and guanfacine (Tenex) — were used to treat thinking, memory and psychiatric symptoms in people with neurodegenerative disease.

The researchers then pooled results of 10 of the trials, including 1,300 patients. They looked at measures of participants’ day-to-day ability to function, including orientation/attention, memory, verbal fluency and language.

Those trials found a small, but significant, benefit of noradrenergic drugs on overall mental skills, according to the report published online July 5 in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

The researchers then pooled results of eight trials for behavior and neuropsychiatric symptoms, agitation and apathy.

The investigators found a large positive effect of noradrenergic drugs on apathy, even after accounting for differences in trial design and intended outcomes.

The brain’s noradrenergic system may be a good target for treatment because it is disrupted early in Alzheimer’s disease, the authors said in a journal news release. Noradrenergic drugs include antidepressants, high blood pressure medications and ADHD drugs.

These medications target the neurotransmitter noradrenaline (also called norepinephrine), which is critical for many mental processes, including attention, learning, memory, readiness for action, and suppression of inappropriate behaviors.

More information

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has more on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.

SOURCE: BMJ, news release, July 5, 2022

Source: HealthDay