Race Affects Outcomes for Young Heart Transplant Patients

Heart transplants may be particularly risky for young Black Americans, with new research suggesting they are twice as likely to die after they receive their new organ.

To reach that conclusion, researchers analyzed the outcomes of nearly 23,000 adults, aged 18 to 80, who had a heart transplant in the United States between 2005 and 2017.

Compared to other heart transplant recipients, Black patients had an overall 30% higher risk of death after their transplant. But the risk of death was two times higher among Black patients aged 18 to 30 and 1.5 times higher among those aged 31 to 40.

Among the youngest Black patients, the risk of death was greatest during the first year after transplant, with a nearly 2.3 times higher risk of death in this time period, according to the study published Feb. 2 in the journal Circulation: Heart Failure. After age 61, there was no significant racial disparity in outcomes among heart transplantation recipients.

“Our study is the first to highlight young Black recipients as a subgroup at a higher risk of death during the first year after a heart transplant,” said study first author Dr. Hasina Maredia, who led the project as a medical student at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.

“Our findings indicate clinical research moving forward should focus attention on young Black recipients during this high-risk period so that longstanding racial disparities seen in heart transplant survival can be improved,” Maredia said in a journal news release.

Previous research has shown that Black heart transplant patients have a higher risk of death than non-Black recipients, but this is the first study to find that younger Black transplant recipients have a higher risk of death in the first year after their operation.

Black patients have higher rates of heart disease at younger ages and may need heart transplants at younger ages, the researchers noted.

“Generally, older patients are at a higher risk of having worse outcomes following a major procedure,” said study senior author Dr. Errol Bush, surgical director of the Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Program at Hopkins.

“Organ transplantation, however, is a complex operation that requires lifelong, specialized medical and surgical care,” Bush noted. “Continued access to the health care system and financial resources such as insurance may be unfairly limited in younger patients, potentially leading to worse outcomes.”

“The high risk associated with Black race is not specifically due to race itself; it is a marker of systemic racism and inequities that have resulted in significant health care disparities,” Bush and Maredia said in the release.

More information

The U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has more on heart transplants.

SOURCE: Circulation: Heart Failure, news release, Feb. 2, 2021

Source: HealthDay